（2022年6月）【ICTM国际专题研讨会预告】从乐弓到齐特：丝绸之路上的乐器系列研究之四

乐弓常被视为乐器发展的开端，但这一推断尚未被证实（乐弓也可能只是众多被用来创造特定声音的乐器之一）。迄今为止，国际学界有关乐弓问世的阐述大都指向非洲文化，然而在亚洲各地也发现有大量乐弓，其中包括一些仍然存活于当下实践中的，不太为人所知的在发展中相互影响的乐器，如弹拨的体鸣乐器（所有类型的口簧），以及不同形状、有或无共鸣器的乐弓。而齐特类乐器，如泰国的phin phia（带共鸣器的乐弓），越南的独弦琴，东南亚大陆高原地区的multiple string goongs（多弦管状齐特）；与齐特相关的各种船型鲁特，以及中东和欧洲的许多齐特琴；由埃及和其他地区的乐器如中国箜篌（kam）衍生出来的竖琴和里拉；同时也不能忽略像桑图尔/扬琴这一类的击打型齐特类乐器。如此等等，似乎亦为漫长乐器发展的另一端。

The musical bow is an instrument often being placed at the beginning of instrumental developments, yet it is not proven that this is the case. The musical bow may have been just one of many musical instruments that were used to create sound with specific features. The descriptions of musical bows found so far are pointing towards cultures in Africa, yet there are plenty of musical bows found across Asia, of which is not much known to the world such as the many deriving musical instruments found in current practice such as plucked idiophones (all types of jaw’s harps) and still as musical bows of different shapes with and without resonators. Zithers that come next to mind such as the Thai phin phia or the Vietnamese dan bau, many multiple string goongs (tube zithers) of the highland communities of mainland Southeast Asia or the various boat shaped lutes that are principally related to zithers as well as all the many zithers of the Middle East and Europe, harps and lyres that may are derivates of them in Egypt and other places respectively such as the Chinese kam, not to forget the sophisticatedly hammered zithers of the santur/yangqin type, are seemingly the other end of a long development.

本次专题研讨会尝试对以往的一些阐述提出挑战，并试图克服历史发展的片面和单一的解释。这是重新研究路线图的一个步骤，并将乐器发展的观念与大区域范围的自然资源相联系。关注声音产品，尤其是乐器演奏，只是本次研讨会的一个重要方面；研讨会的另一个论域是引发和促进相关全球变化论题的持续讨论，以及探讨民族音乐学作为一门有着高度责任感的学科如何起到协助地方决策和区域间合作并共同研究的作用。

This colloquium is challenging some previous descriptions and trying to overcome one-sided explanations on historical developments. It is a step into re-researching progression lines and connecting the idea of instrumental developments with natural resources of larger regions. Sound production, especially with musical instruments, is but one important aspect of the colloquium. Another field is to incite ongoing discussion on global changes in this regard and the role of ethnomusicology as a discipline with a high responsibility to guide local decision making and interregional co-operation for joint researches.

本次专题研讨会将聚焦于激发新的思考和收集尽可能多的与该话题相关的事实材料，为未来的调查研究提供强有力的基础。研讨会囊括主题发言、圆桌会议、工作坊等多种形式，便于讨论和案例展示。

The colloquium will focus mainly on thought provoking new thoughts and the gathering of as many as possible facts about the topic in order to provide a strong basis for future investigations.Besides important exchanges of scientific ideas in sessions, the colloquium will also offer a platform for workshops and concerts, that can be discussed and serve as examples.

1）人类如何对待自然资源，并通过使用简单弦鸣乐器如乐弓和齐特，来实现他们的社会目标?

2）从不同的视角看，使用简单弦鸣乐器如乐弓和齐特时，人们在音响认识论的层面上发生了哪些变化?

3）那些特定的乐器是如何被演奏的?

4）不同的历史背景下形成了哪些传播方式、结构样态和地方偏好?

5）关于这些特定乐器类型的区域间的知识交流对发展有何影响？

1)How do human beings behave towards natural resources in their efforts to achieve their social goals through using simple chordophones such as musical bows and zithers?

2) What changes in acoustemological approaches when using simple chordophones such as musical bows and zithers seen from different perspectives?

3) How are those specific musical instruments performed?

4) Which transmission methods, constructions, and local preferences are formed in different historical contexts?

5) What are the developmental implications in an interregional exchange of knowledge about these specific musical instrument types?

本次专题研讨会的发言代表及其论文，按照ICTM专题研讨会的惯例，采用学术委员会提名的委约制。参会代表与论文包括：

*以上排序依据姓名首字母顺序